What makes solid-state batteries special? Principles, progress and challenges

Solid-state batteries pose new challenges to the battery design due to the unique solid-solid interfaces at battery cathode and anode. However, these interfaces, upon critical understanding and design, also form a special opportunity to unlock advanced battery performances. We design solid state batteries based on our unique mechanical constriction principle and the constrained ensemble computational platform, for a stable cycling toward performance relevant conditions. More challenges to the design of all-solid-state batteries are also discussed within the constrained ensemble framework.